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Important
Astronomer
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, *1784, 
1846He was a German astronomer and mathematician. Bessel determined for the first time the exact spacing to an asterisk. He supervised the construction of the Koenigsberger observatory and was from 1813 to his death their conductor. He set up a uniform system for the calculation of the asterisk position, which is still used today. Between 1821 and 1833 he determined the exact positions from asterisks to the ninth size class and extended the quantity of in this way listed asterisks on 50,000. Bessel obtained the exact parallax as the first a fixed star (61 Cygni, constellation swan), from which its distance could be calculated. Additionally he determined diameters, weight and Elliptizitaet (deviation from the spherical shape) of the earth. During the occupation with problems of the planet planetenperturbation (malfunction of the orbit) he introduced the Bessel functions as solutions of bestimmer differential equations into mathematics. Brahe, Tyge, gen. Tycho, *1546, 1601Danish astronomer, whose planet surveillances help his assistant Johannes Kepler to the discovery of the laws of the planetary motion.  Einstein,
Albert, *1879,
1955German-American physicist. He had a Professur in Zurich and Prague from 1909-13, 1914-33 was he director/conductor of the institute for emperor William for physics in Berlin and starting from 1933 Professur in Princeton, N. Y. (the USA). Einstein set up "special relativity theory" and 1915 the "general relativity theory" to 1905, with which he declared the attraction of mass (gravitation). He detected the equivalence of mass and energy and assumed already 1905 that all energy conversions occurring in atoms have a quantumful character. Further he developed the theory of the "Brownian molecular movement" and published a "standardized field theory". For the quantum-moderate interpretation of the photoelectric effect he received 1921 the Nobelpreis. Eratosthenes, *around 275 v. Chr.,
around 195 v. Chr.Greek scholar, poet and Philologe. He was director/conductor of the library of Alexandria. Eratosthenes calculated the scope of the globe approximately correctly and designed a earthmap.  Galilei,
Galileo,
*1564,
1642Italian natural scientist, who justified the modern, on experience and experiments being based physics. He designed 1609 a telescope and discovered moon mountains, jupitermoons, sunspot, phase shapes of the venus and different one. He came to 1610 into Florenz because of its confession for the heliocentrically world system of the Kopernikus with the church in conflict. He swore off 1633 in Rome before the Inquisitionscourt, recalled however allegedly with the utterance: "and it (the earth) moves nevertheless!" Galle, Johann Gottfried, *1812, 1910German Astronomer, who discovered 1846 the planet Neptune. Hawking, Stephen, *1942  British
theoretical physicist. Due to a very heavy illness (ALS) the physicist
is to be spoken practically immovably to the wheelchair bound and
only with the help of a language computer in a the position. His chief
work area is the theory of the black holes. Among other things. He
accounted for that black holes in the course of the time lose mass
and evaporate. 1974 he succeeded to refer it the laws of thermodynamics
to black holes. For the entropy of black holes he found / [ 4 ln(10)
G h to S = Ac³ ] with the surface A, the speed of light c, the gravitation
constant of G. His contribution for mathematics exists in the consistent
application of mathematical methods to questions of modern physics. Hubble,
Edwin Powell, *1889,
1953US-American astronomer and astrophysicist, who from the red shift of the spectral lines of spiral nebulas their radial velocity detected and determined those previously as spiral nebula called galaxies separate asterisk systems.  Kepler,
Johannes, *1571,
1630German astronomer and brilliant mathematician. He was 1600 the assistant Tycho Brahes in Prague and after his death (1601) his successor as imperial mathematicians. He found the laws of the planetary motion designated after him due to the surveillance results Tychos - the Kepler laws.  Kopernikus,
Nikolaus, *1473,
1543German astronomer, who detected that the earth and the planets move around the sun. Thereby it justified the heliocentrically world system.  Newton,
Sir Isaak, *1643,
1727English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. He discovered the three movement laws of the classical mechanics (Newton's axioms) as well as the gravitation law. He applied and put these laws also on the heavenly bodies thereby the foundation-stone for the today's uniform natural science. Newton investigated the light during the passage by matter and discovered the solar spectrum and the colour rings (Newton's rings). Newton's scientific work was so comprehensive and thorough that he became almost a second Aristoteles. In England its influence was so large that for one century after his Death nobody could develop something meaning in his areas. Ptolemäus, Claudius, * und um
140 n. Chr. A
Greek from Alexandria, the probably most well-known geologist, astronomer
and mathematician of the antiquity. In his work of 13 books "He mathematike
syntaxis" ("the mathematical collection"), which one today "Almagest"
calls, he stated his conception of the geocentric universe. In the
geocentric world system Ptolemaeus introduced himself the earth as
quietly which is focal point, while all heavenly bodies including
the planets turn themselves around her.These sites were optimized for NS 4.x and IE 4.x with 800x600 pixels and javascript support Copyright 1997-2000 Jacqueline Hochstein Germany/Gera/Thuringia
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